通訳案内業国家試験とはどのような試験ですか？

（1次試験コーナー）

１．次の英文を読み, 下記の設問に答えなさい。（18点）

　One area of confusion when talking about immigrants is deciding [1]who exactly is a foreigner. Here the key distinction is between someone who is ‘foreign-born’ and someone who has a foreign nationality - that is, who travels on a passport issued by another country. Any immigrant who naturalizes as a citizen of their new country immediately ceases to be a ‘foreigner’ but he or she will always be foreign-born. According to the US census for 1990, 7.9% of the population were foreign-born, but only 4.7% were still foreigners because the rest had become naturalized citizens. This means that the proportion of foreigners will depend to a certain extent on[2] [become, how, to, is, a, it, citizen, easy]. In France, for example, the proportion of residents who are foreigners has remained fairly stable since 1975, at 6 to 7%, but the proportion who are foreign-born is probably around 11%. In Germany on the other hand, naturalization has traditionally been more difficult so the proportion of foreigners remains ( [3] ).
A further complication is that some people regard anyone belonging to an ethnic minority ( [4] ) an immigrant, even if they have been born in that country. In the United Kingdom around 6% of the population belong to a minority ethnic group. The foreign-born however are only 4%, and many of those are ‘white’ people who have come from Europe, Australia and elsewhere.


問１.下線部 [1] を言い換えたものとして, もっとも適切なのは次の(ア)〜(エ)のどれか, 記号を○で囲め。

(ア) the number of foreigners 　(イ) the ethnicity of a foreigner
(ウ) the lifestyle of a foreigner (エ) the definition of a foreigner


問2. [2] の括弧内の語を, 意味の通るように並べ換えなさい。


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問3.空欄 [3] に入るべき最も適切な語は, 次の(ア)〜(エ)のどれか, 記号を○で囲め。

(ア) lower (イ) higher (ウ) stable (エ) unstable


問4.空欄 [4] に適切な１語を補いなさい。

　(　　　　　　　　　　　　)

問5.本文によると, 一般に「外国人」と呼ばれる人々が３種類いる。その３種類の人たちを簡潔に記しなさい。

(1)　
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(2)　
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(3)　
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問6.本文の内容に合致するように, 次の(1), (2)の文の空所に適切な数値を入れなさい。

(1) 1990年の合衆国の国勢調査において, 帰化を果たした者の人口比は〔　　　　　　〕％である。
(2) フランスにおける外国出生者の割合は, 英国の〔　　　　　　〕倍にはとどかないが, それに近い数値である。


２．次の英文の空所に適切な語を補いなさい。（12点）

(1) Student: When do we have to turn (　　　　　　　　) our assignments?　（提出する）
Teacher: They're (　　　　　　　　) next Friday.　（締め切りである）
(2) I can't distinguish one twin (　　　　　　　　) the other.
(3) Student A: Do you have a date tonight?
Student B: Yeah. Ken asked me (　　　　　　　　). We're going to a new restaurant.
(4) The (　　　　　　　　) price of commodities in Japan is terrible.　（物価高）
(5) It is rude to speak (　　　　　　　　) your mouth full.


３．次の英文を読み, 下線部 [1], [2] を和訳しなさい。（10点）

　[1]Most of us hardly give glass a thought, but imagine waking in a world where glass has been stripped away or uninvented. All glass utensils have vanished, including those now made of similar substances such as plastics which would not have existed without glass. All objects, technologies and ideas that owe their existence to glass have gone.
　[2]We feel for the alarm clock or watch: no clock or watch, however, for miniaturized clocks and watches cannot exist without protective facing of glass. We grope for the light switch. But there can be no light switch, for there is no glass for the light bulb. When we draw back the curtains, a blast of air strikes us through the glassless windows.


[1]


[2]




４．現在日本では, 大変な「ペットブーム」であるといわれています。このようなペットブームが起きた背景, 現状, 問題点について, 外国からの訪問客に英語で説明しなさい。特に語数は指定しないが, 与えられた解答スペースの範囲内に収めること。（10点）

　
　
　
　
　
５．次の英文を読んで, 後の問いに答えなさい。（20点）

　You can't predict the twists and turns of your life, and neither you nor anyone else can consistently and reliably forecast the financial markets or the economy - not even Alan Green Span. So how in the world can you figure out how much money you have to put aside to support you in your retirement years? It's like trying to assemble a puzzle when critical pieces are (　A　) and you're not even sure what the final picture should look like. You have little choice, however, (　B　) to try - “particularly the closer you are to retirement,”says a financial planner, “because you have less time to fix it if you get off track.” Planners suggest that you start by coming up with a realistic estimate of your projected expenses for the first year of retirement. Some pre-retirement expenses will drop, of course. [1]The cost of commuting, business apparel, and other work-related items will dwindle. And you might decide to pay off your mortgage, eliminating a significant monthly payment. Some expenses, however, will rise - such as health-care, and perhaps travel and entertainment. “When you run the numbers, add a cushion,” warns a certified financial planner. Getting through [2]that exercise will be difficult enough, but your next assignment will be harder. Now that you know your expenses, you'll have to guess at the rate of return you expect to receive on your retirement nest egg and how many years you think your savings will have to (　C　) . Judging multiple “if then.” variables is difficult even for professionals. Small changes in anticipated expenses, expected annual return, and number of years in retirement can dramatically shrink or balloon the calculated size of [3]the nest egg.


(1)空欄（A）（B）（C）に入れるのにもっともふさわしいものを選んで丸で囲め。（6点）

（A） (a) missing (b) there (c) collecting (d) here
（B） (a) but (b) in order not (c) as (d) so as
（C） (a) get (b) last (c) be wasted (d) be lost


(2)下線部 [1] を日本語に訳しなさい。（4点）




(3)下線部 [2] の指す内容を日本語で簡潔に書きなさい。（6点）（4点）

　



(4) 下線部dが本文の中で何を意味しているかを７字以内の日本語で書け。（4点）

　 　 　 　 　 　 　


６．次の表現の英語の訳語を書きなさい。（20点）

(1) 子守歌 　 　　　　(2) 国民年金 　
(3) 宮内庁 　 　　　　(4) 記者会見 　
(5) 裁判員 　　　　　 (6) 自動販売機 　
(7) 豆　乳 　 　　　　(8) 身代金 　
(9) 日帰り旅行 　　 (10) 格　差 　


７．次の文章を英語に訳しなさい。（10点）


　飲食施設において, 席料や, 税金, サービス料などを請求する際に, 外国人客があらかじめ了解していなかったとして, 支払いを拒否しトラブルの原因となる場合が少なくありません。それでは, せっかくの美味しい料理と心のこもったサービスも後味の悪いものになってしまいます。外国人客に, 日本と自国との習慣や制度上の相違を正確に理解しておいてもらうことが大切です。


　
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
　


1次試験問題（2002年度）

1．次の英文を読み、下線部 (1)、(2)、(3)を日本語にしなさい。その際に代名詞が指すものをはっきりきせること。（16点）

　　　In 1995, the American Academy of Pediatrics declared that advertising directed at children is inherently
deceptive and exploits children under eight years of age. The academy did not recommend a ban on such
advertising because it seemed impractical and would infringe upon advertisers' freedom of speech.
(1) Today the health risks faced by the nation's children far outweigh the needs of its mass marketers.
Congress should immediately ban all advertisements aimed at children that promote foods high in fat and sugar.
(2) A ban on advertising unhealthy foods to children would discourage eating habits that are not only hard to break, but potentially life-threatening . Moreover, such a ban would encourage the fast food chains to alter the recipes for their children's meals. As for the food now served at school cafeterias, (3) it should be safer to eat than what is sold at fast food restaurants, not less safe. The Department of Agriculture should insist upon the highest possible food safety standards from every company that supplies ground beef to the school lunch program.

注：the American Academy of Pediatrics　アメリカ小児科学会

　（１）　(6点)

　（２）　(5点)

　（３）　(5点)

2．日本人の山田さんが、パスポートの申請をするために戸籍謄本を取ったところ、外国人の友人がそれを見て、「これは何ですか？どうしてパスポートを取るために必要なのですか？」という質問をしてきました。
日本の戸籍制度を簡単に説明しつつ、この友人の質問に英語で答えなさい。
ただし、解答は与えられたスペースに収めること。(10点）

．次の英文を読んで以下の問いに答えなさい。(19点)

　　It is amazing, the wonders that cruelty and despotism can sometimes produce. If few of the millions of tourists gaping at the majesty of the Pyramids every year (　A　) a thought for the millions of slaves who died constructing them, the Moscow Metro, too, is an example of a form of victory (　B　) adversity. Inaugurated at the height of Stalin's dictatorship in the 1930s, (ア) the Moscow subway saw armies of purge victims and labor camp inmates deployed alongside thousands of building workers to create what was trumpeted as the world's finest subway system.
(　C　) died tunneling deep under Moscow. They are pretty much forgotten now, but their work is the pride and glory of Moscow and Russia, probably the world's most bizarrely beautiful, most efficient, busiest and cheapest subway system.

　　The first tunneling started in 1932, and three years later the trains started running . They haven't stopped since ― every 90 seconds or two minutes during rush hour, every five minutes the rest of the time, from 6 a.m. till 1 a.m.
(イ) There may be a crush, but there is seldom a wait. And the trains take you through a parade of marbled and spacious stations, which contrast totally with the grubby streets and crumbling buildings above ground. The 162 stations straddling 11 lines mean that most of the city of 11 million is covered by the metro and it will cost you five rubles to go anywhere. For tourists, it's a major sightseeing (　D　) . Some stations in the city center, for example,
(　E　) mosaics, marble and brass chandeliers. Other stations saw the use of three dozen types of marble, lavish statuary, malachite and onyx.

(1) 空欄A, D, E, に入る最も適切な単語を以下の選択肢群から選びなさい。ただし同じものを二度選ぶことはできない。

　　(各2点×3＝6点）

（A） 　  （D） 　  （E） 　 

選択肢群：blink / draw / erase / feature / peep / spare / talk / void

(2) 空欄Bに入る前置詞を書きなさい。(2点)

　（B）

(3) 下線部 (ア) を日本語にしなさい。(8点)

(4) 空欄 C に入る最も適切な語を下からひとつ選び、丸（○）で囲みなさい。(1点)

　1．Screws　　　　　2．Scores　　　　　3. Scraps　　　　　4. Scorches　　　　　5. Schools

(5)下線部(イ)を日本語にしなさい。(2点)

4．以下のそれぞれの英文には、必ず一箇所誤っているところがある。その誤っている箇所の選択肢を丸（○）で囲みなさい。(各1点×5＝5点)

(l) Jim and Helen アwent out forイan expensive dinner on their wedding anniversary,
ウwhich they said wasエa great fun.

(2) Amid a アterrified bank crisis thatイhad forced many statesウto suspend banking activities, F. D. Rooseveltエtook office to restore public confidence.

(3) The arrangements アfor the future sales plan were agreedイon　ウat the executive meetingエin the morning of May 1.

(4) Gabriella lived アat the top of an old houseイwhich atticウhad been convertedエinto an apartment.

(5) Organisms アcan be classified into groupsイthat　ウare containing　エtens of thousands of different species.

5. 次の英文を読んで問いに答えなさい。(20点)

　　I'll tell you this, but you have to promise that it will get no further. Not long after we moved here we had the people next door （　A　) for dinner and ― I swear this is true ― they drove. (�Trecall asking them jokingly if they
used a light aircraft to get to the supermarket, which simply drew blank looks and the mental scratching of my name from all future invitation lists). I was astounded, but I have since come to realize that there was nothing especially
odd in their driving less than a couple of hundred feet to visit us. Nobody walks anywhere in America nowadays.

　　A researcher at the University of California at Berkeley recently made a study of the nation's walking habits and concluded that 85 per cent of people in the United States are 'essentially' （　B　） and 35 per cent are 'totally' （　B　） . The average American walks less than 75 miles a year ― about 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day.
(1) I'm no stranger to sloth myself, but that's appallingly little. I rack up more (2) mileage than that just looking for
the channel changer.

　　 In fact, people have become so habituated to using the car for everything that it would never occur to them to unfurl their legs and see what they can do. Sometimes it's almost ludicrous. The other day I was in a little nearby town waiting to bring home one of my children from a piano lesson when a car stopped outside the local post office and a man about my age popped out and dashed inside (and left the motor running ― something else that exercises me inordinately). He was inside for about three or four minutes, then came out, got in the car and drove exactly 16 feet (I had nothing better to do so I paced it off) to the general store next door, and popped in again, engine still running.

　　 And the thing is this man looked really fit. I'm sure he jogs extravagant distances and plays squash and does all kinds of exuberantly healthful things, but I am just as （　C　） that he drives to each of these undertakings. It's crazy.

　　 The fact is, Americans not only don't walk anywhere, they won't walk anywhere, and (3)woe (　イ　) to (　ロ　) anyone (　ハ　) who (　二　) tries (　ホ　) to (　へ　) make (　ト　) them (　チ　), as a town here in New Hampshire called Laconia discovered to its cost. A few years ago Laconia spent $5 million pedestrianizing its own center, to make it a pleasant shopping environment.（　あ　） it was （　い　）― urban planners came from all over to coo and take photos ― but （　う　） it was （　え　） . Forced to walk one whole block from a car park, shoppers abandoned downtown Laconia for suburban malls.

　　 In 1994, Laconia dug up its pretty brick paving, took away the benches and tubs of geraniums and decorative trees, and put the street back to the way it had been in the first place. Now people can park right in front of the shops again and downtown Laconia thrives anew. And if that isn't sad, I don't know what is.

(1) 空欄 ( A )　 ( B )　 ( C ) に入る語をそれぞれひとつ選んで記号を丸で囲みなさい。(6点)

空欄(A) (イ) walking (ロ) since (ハ) inviting (ニ) round

空欄(B)  (イ) hyperactive (ロ) sedentary (ハ) amorous (ニ) biped

空欄(C) (イ) doubtful (ロ) such (ハ) sure (ニ) much

(2) 下線部 (1) を20字以内の日本語に訳しなさい。（4点）

(3) 下線部（2）の本文における意味を5字以内の日本語で書きなさい。（3点）

(4) 下線部 (3) の中で省略されている1語を補い、かつその省略の箇所を特定してその記号（イ）-（チ）を記しなさい。
（3点）

　　省略されている語　(　　　　　　　) 　　省略箇所　(　　　　　　　)

(5) 空欄（あ)-（え）に入る最もふさわしい語句をそれぞれひとつずつ選んで記号で記しなさい。ただし、選択肢の語句は全て小文字で表記してある。(4点)

(あ） （　　　 　　　） （い） （　　　　　　　） （う） （　　　　　　） （え） （　　　　　　）

選択肢 （イ） a triumph （ロ） aesthetically （ハ） a falsehood （ニ） commercially

　 （ホ） a fact （へ） a disaster （ト） industriously 　

6. 次の語句を英語に訳しなさい。(各2点×10＝20点)

（１）　矯正歯科 　　　　　　　　　（２）　車椅子

（３）　皇太子 　　　　　　　　　 　（４）　原理主義者

（５）　銅メダル　　　　　　　　　 　（６）　枕草子

（７）　鰊（にしん） 　　　　　　　　（８）　字　幕

（９）　衆議院 　　　　　　　　　　（10） 男やもめ

7. 次の日本語の文章を英語に訳しなさい。(10点)

　経済的観点から見ると、一国の国際観光収入は輸出高、国際観光支出は輸入高と見なされ、国際観光は
「見えざる貿易」ということができる。世界の多くの国では、国際観光は外貨の収入源として重要な存在で、
WTO(世界観光機関)によると、1998年には、世界の83％の国において、国際観光収入が輸出商品上位5位以内
に入っており、また少なくとも38％の国では、外貨収入源として首位を占めている。

１次試験問題（2001年度）

1．以下の英文を読み，各設問に答えなさい。

　　Common sense says that riding your bike after you've had a few drinks is not a good idea. Even one drink dilutes the skills and judgement needed for safe cycling. Just one drink, according to a study, multiplies the risk of serious injury or death six times, and four or five multiplies it 20 times.

　　But common sense is ( A ) the watchword for many cyclists. Each year in the U.S., more than 500,000 people are treated in emergency rooms and 20,000 are admitted to hospitals for bicycle-related injuries. And while helmets and parental supervision have helped lower the death rate for riders under age 16 ( B ) 70 percent since 1975, the adult death rate has risen ( B ) 60 percent. (1)Ridership has more than doubled in the last 20 years, but alcohol, reckless riding, and poor safety gear also contribute.

　　(2)No amount of caution will eliminate all cycling accidents. "If you ride long enough, you will eventually crash," says Randy Swart, director of the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute in Arlington, Va. "( C ) it takes is a pothole, some loose gravel, or someone's dog running under your wheel." Accidents like these generally result ( D ) scrapes and bruises. Roughly 800 bikers die each year on the roads, however, usually when they tangle with cars.

　　Swart and others say that riders can minimize the risks−but many don't ( E ) . Studies show that riders wearing helmets are 85 percent less likely to incur a head injury than riders without them, yet only 38 percent of adult cyclists wear one regularly, according to BHSI. But Swart cautions that helmets won't guarantee safety. "Avoiding the crash in the first place is a lot more preventive than wearing a helmet."

　　Night riding is especially dangerous because you're harder to see. About 56 percent of bike fatalities occur between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m. Michael Klasmeir, Program Director for the League of American Bicyclists, says night cyclists should wear bright, neon-colored clothes and use lights. "You should have a white front light and a red or amber taillight," he says. And there's nothing wrong with strapping some lights or reflective tape to your clothes.
" But if (3)happy hour is your destination, the best bet is to leave your bike at home.

(1) 空欄(A) (B) (D）に適切な英語の単語をそれぞれひとつ入れなさい。(3点×3) (A) 　  (B) 　  (D) 　 

(2) 空欄 (C )にはいる適切な語の記号を選んで丸で囲みなさい。(2点)

イ　Although　　　ロ　Because　　　　ハ　Not　　　　ニ　All

(3) 空欄 (E) にはいる適切な語の記号を選んで丸で囲みなさい。(2点)

イ　bother　　　　ロ　drink　　　　　ハ　show　　　　ニ　ride

(4) 下線部(1)を12字以内で日本語に訳しなさい。(3点)

(5) 下線部(2)を日本語に訳しなさい。(5点)

(6) 下線部(3)がどういうものであるかを句読点を含めて、20字以内で日本語で書きなさい。(4点)

2．次の英文を読んで下線部を日本語に訳しなさい．

　Taxes are a complex subject in any country．(1)For expatriates,especially Americans, taxation is further complicated by the possibility of double-taxation obligations: to the country in which you are a resident and derive income and, depending on your citizenship, the tax authorities back home.

　The United States is one of the very few countries that tax its citizens and permanent residents (Green Card holders), regardless of where they live, on income earned both domestically and overseas. Accordingly, even living overseas, you are obliged to file a U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) return, no matter if you work for a U.S. or non-U.S. company and if you are paid in dollars, yen, or any other currency.(2)You must report as income any payment made by your company on your behalf for rent, utilities, home leave, and any other benefits.

(1) (8点)

(2) (7点)

3. A non-Japanese friend of yours says he is wondering if he should seek medical help. Give advice to him on the Japanese medical system and avoiding possible problems he may encounter. In your answer, translate and use the expression 「国民健康保険」. Do not write any part of your answer outside the space given below. (10点)．

4．次の語句を英語に訳しなさい。(各2点×10＝20点)

(1)成人の日 　　　　　　　　　　　　(2)自営業者

(3)児童虐待 　　　　　　　　　　　　(4)ブランコ

(5)鯖（さば）　　　　　　　　　　　　　(6)万歩計

(7)火災避難訓練　　　　　　　　　 (8)三回忌

(9)水虫　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (10)国土交通省

5．次の日本語の文章を英語に訳しなさい。(10点)

　インターネットをはじめとするIT(情報技術)の発展にともない、一般消費者を対象とした電子商取引が米国を中心に
世界各地で急速に拡大している。1998年に世界の電子小売業の市場規模は90億ドルに過ぎなかったが、2002年には1,028億ドルにまで拡大すると見込まれている。なかでも旅行商品は、消費者が実物を見ずに提供された情報を基に
商品の購入を決定するため、店舗を有さない電子商取引に適している。今後も電子商取引は、観光業界の様々な
分野において不可欠な流通手段として発展していくと思われる。

6．以下の英文を読み、各設問に答えなさい。

　The statistics cannot be ignored anymore; the flooding in Venice is getting worse, largely due to climate change.
In the first decade of the 20th century, St Mark's Square, the lowest-lying part of Venice, was flooded an average of nine times a year. Now, since September alone, there have been over 40 tides of more than 80cm.
Some of the consequences of the flooding are obvious: the tidemarks in shops and bars. The long-term damage to foundations is less obvious, nor can you tell at once how many people have decided that (1)( A ) is ( A ), and they would rather go and live on the mainland now. We do know, however, that the population of Venice was 150,000 in the 1950s and is now 64,000. This leads to a vicious circle of fewer schools, doctors, "real shops"(as opposed to ones selling souvenirs); more expensive food, goods and services, and so on.

　(2)Roberto Frassetto, one of Italy's leading oceanographers, is part of the team appointed by the government to devise a flood protection system, and he believes that their scheme for mobile barriers is the solution. When the meteorologists give the warning, compressed air forces the water out of the mobile barriers attached to the seabed
at the entrances from the Adriatic to the canals, and they rise to hold back the sea. When the tide subsides, water
is pumped in and they descend onto the seabed once more. Ecologists, and in particular, the Green activists, are opposed to these barriers. They say that closing the barriers would allow pollution to build up dangerously in the canals. Oceanographers such as Frassetto claim that the barriers would need to be closed only 100-300 hours a year. Furthermore, world climate systems have changed, and (3)there is no chance of a diminution in the frequency and intensity of atmospheric perturbation. But the Greens are part of the fragile centre-left coalitions at national
and city levels, and for them this is a matter that can bring down governments.

問 1. ある同一の英語1語を空欄Aに入れると、下線部(1)は「もううんざりだ」という慣用表現になる。
そのAに入る英語1語を書きなさい。(3点)

A 　

問 2. 下線部(2)の人に関して、以下の(i)と(ii)の問いに答えなさい。

(i) この人の職業は何か。漢字4文字で答えなさい。(2点)

(ii) この人が提唱する洪水対策法を、40字以内の日本語で分かりやすく説明しなさい。
(句読点も字数に含む。) (8点)

問 3 下線部(3)はどういうことを言っているのか。40字以内の分かりやすい日本語に訳しなさい。
(句読点も字数に含む。) (7点)

（1） 試験内容（下記の試験が1次試験に加わりました）

1.日本地理　2.日本歴史　3.一般常識I　4.一般常識II

（2） 合格基準点

これまでの記述式の試験から、マークシート方式の試験に変更なりました。
過去の合格の目安は合計点の約50％もしくはそれ以下と思われたので余り心配することはなかった。　

（3）試験傾向を知るために過去の市販問題を参考にすること。

（2次試験対策）

（１） 第２次試験の審査内容・基準

1.通訳案内業を行うのに必要な英語会話力

2.人物考査

　通訳案内業を行うに足りるほど健康であること。

　態度が粗暴野卑である等、通訳案内業をおこなうのに不適当でないこと。

（２） 試験形式

受験者1名に対し、試験官は3名（かってはグループ面接で、1グループ3〜5であった）

　　　　　　　　　　試験形式は、東京・京都・福岡すべて同じである

A： 質問担当（ネイティブが主に質問）B： 進行担当（日本人ベテランガイドは進行や自己紹介を担当）　　　
C： 人物考査担当（日本人ー国際観光振興会の職員ー人物考査）

[２]過去3年間のトッピクス 

（1999年度出題トッピクス）

（1）社会（女性の結婚問題・少子化問題・家庭における父親の果たすべき役割）

（2）観光一般

（3）外交問題時事（東ティモール問題・北朝鮮問題・日米安保問題）

（2000年度出題トッピクス）

（1）海外旅行の経験や観光問題

（2）日本文化（仏教と神道・歌舞伎・文楽）

（3）社会（少年犯罪）

（4）労働問題（失業・年功序列・定年）

（2001年度出題トッピクス）

（1）伝統芸能や文化（茶道・華道・文楽・武道・食文化）

（2）労働問題社会（均等法や産休）

（3）時事一般問題（テロ事件・外務省機密費）

(4)日本人の習慣